Dietary restraint is associated with adiposity and repeated attempts of food avoidance since early adolescence

Abstract

Body composition and fat distribution are predictors of health and are largely affected by eating behavior. The current study aimed to explore the adoption of dietary restraint since early adolescence, its relationship with objective physical traits, and the association with energy intake, and targeted food groups or items. Eight-four healthy volunteers (males n = 46; females n = 38), 14–24 years old, were interviewed to assess segmental body composition, using bioelectrical impendence analysis, and dietary patterns, using rigid dietary restraint questionnaire (RC-16) and the elements of persistent desire or repeated unsuccessful attempts to quit certain foods, and provided a 3-day food record. Results showed that both sexes were equally engaged in rigid dietary restraint. Higher RC-16 scores were associated with higher odds of being overweight, overfat or having increased abdominal fat, and lower energy reporting. Significant differences were also found between those trying to eliminate food items from their diet and those who did not, in Body Mass Index for-age z-score, and % body fat, but not energy intake. Seventy-two participants mentioned having problems with cutting down foods, while fitness instructors, social environment, or online sources were noted to further promote food avoidance. Repeated unsuccessful elimination attempts, and the total number of foods to avoid were associated with RC-16 score as well. These findings indicate that dietary restraint is practiced since early adolescence by both sexes, and may affect body composition and adiposity. Further studies are needed to understand how attitudes towards food and failure of elimination may shape dietary behavior. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.