Transduodenal sphincteroplasty and transampullary septectomy for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
Data
2002Soggetto
Abstract
Background: The diagnosis and management of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction are controversial issues. Both surgical and endoscopic series report modest success in the treatment of this condition. There is evidence from endoscopic series that the Milwaukee classification could predict the clinical outcome after sphincterotomy. We reviewed our long-term results of surgical sphincter ablation for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, in order to correlate outcome with underlining pathology (biliary versus pancreatic) and Milwaukee biliary group classification. Patients and methods: During a 10 year period (1987-1996), 36 patients with either biliary (n = 26) or pancreatic (n = 10) presentation of suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction were selected for surgery according to a standard protocol of investigation and management. All patients were classified according to the Milwaukee classification for the biliary group or its version for the pancreatic group and had transduodenal sphincteroplasty and transampullary septectomy. Results: Despite a trend towards a better outcome in the biliary group (good result 62%, moderate 23%, poor 15%) compared to the pancreatic (good result 40%, moderate 40%, poor 20%) the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.48). Milwaukee classification for the biliary group correlated well with a favourable outcome (P <0.05). Conclusions: The modest outcome despite careful patient selection for surgery emphasises the need for more objective diagnostic tools. Milwaukee classification appears to be good predictive value, and a good result can be anticipated in type I or even type II patients. The trend towards a better outcome in the biliary group may reflect the weakness of a drainage procedure to treat patients with parenchymal pancreatic disease.
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Global, regional, and national age-sex specifc mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Naghavi M., Abajobir A.A., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abera S.F., Aboyans V., Adetokunboh O., Ärnlöv J., Afshin A., Agrawal A., Kiadaliri A.A., Ahmadi A., Ahmed M.B., Aichour A.N., Aichour I., Aichour M.T.E., Aiyar S., Al-Eyadhy A., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alam N., Alam T., Alene K.A., Ali S.D., Alizadeh-Navaei R., Alkaabi J.M., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Allebeck P., Allen C., Al-Raddadi R., Alsharif U., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Amini E., Ammar W., Amoako Y.A., Anber N., Andersen H.H., Andrei C.L., Androudi S., Ansari H., Antonio C.A.T., Anwari P., Arora M., Artaman A., Aryal K.K., Asayesh H., Asgedom S.W., Atey T.M., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Quintanilla B.P.A., Béjot Y., Babalola T.K., Bacha U., Balakrishnan K., Barac A., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barquera S., Barregard L., Barrero L.H., Baune B.T., Bedi N., Beghi E., Bekele B.B., Bell M.L., Bennett J.R., Bensenor I.M., Berhane A., Bernabé E., Betsu B.D., Beuran M., Bhatt S., Biadgilign S., Bienhof K., Bikbov B., Bisanzio D., Bourne R.R.A., Breitborde N.J.K., Bulto L.N.B., Bumgarner B.R., Butt Z.A., Cárdenas R., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Cameron E., Campuzano J.C., Car J., Carrero J.J., Carter A., Casey D.C., Castañeda-Orjuela C.A., Catalá-López F., Charlson F.J., Chibueze C.E., Chimed-Ochir O., Chisumpa V.H., Chitheer A.A., Christopher D.J., Ciobanu L.G., Cirillo M., Cohen A.J., Colombara D., Cooper C., Cowie B.C., Criqui M.H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dargan P.I., Das Neves J., Davitoiu D.V., Davletov K., De Courten B., Degenhardt L., Deiparine S., Deribe K., Deribew A., Dey S., Dicker D., Ding E.L., Djalalinia S., Do H.P., Doku D.T., Douwes-Schultz D., Driscoll T.R., Dubey M., Duncan B.B., Echko M., El-Khatib Z.Z., Ellingsen C.L., Enayati A., Erskine H.E., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Ermakov S.P., Estep K., Sa Farinha C.S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Feigin V.L., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes J.C., Ferrari A.J., Feyissa T.R., Filip I., Finegold S., Fischer F., Fitzmaurice C., Flaxman A.D., Foigt N., Frank T., Fraser M., Fullman N., Fürst T., Furtado J.M., Gakidou E., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Gebre T., Gebregergs G.B., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremichael D.Y., Geleijnse J.M., Genova-Maleras R., Gesesew H.A., Gething P.W., Gillum R.F., Ginawi I.A.M., Giref A.Z., Giroud M., Giussani G., Godwin W.W., Gold A.L., Goldberg E.M., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Gouda H.N., Goulart A.C., Griswold M., Gupta P.C., Gupta R., Gupta T., Gupta V., Haagsma J.A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hailu A.D., Hailu G.B., Hamadeh R.R., Hambisa M.T., Hamidi S., Hammami M., Hancock J., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harb H.L., Hareri H.A., Hassanvand M.S., Havmoeller R., Hay S.I., He F., Hedayati M.T., Henry N.J., Heredia-Pi I.B., Herteliu C., Hoek H.W., Horino M., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hostiuc S., Hotez P.J., Hoy D.G., Huynh C., Iburg K.M., Ikeda C., Ileanu B.V., Irenso A.A., Irvine C.M.S., Jürisson M., Jacobsen K.H., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M.B., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S.P., Jeemon P., Jha V., John D., Johnson C.O., Johnson S.C., Jonas J.B., Kabir Z., Kadel R., Kahsay A., Kamal R., Karch A., Karimi S.M., Karimkhani C., Kasaeian A., Kassaw N.A., Kassebaum N.J., Katikireddi S.V., Kawakami N., Keiyoro P.N., Kemmer L., Kesavachandran C.N., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khoja A.T.A., Khosravi A., Khosravi M.H., Khubchandani J., Kieling C., Kievlan D., Kim D., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kissoon N., Kivimaki M., Knudsen A.K., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Defo B.K., Kulikof X.R., Kumar G.A., Kumar P., Kutz M., Kyu H.H., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Lambert T.L.N., Lan Q., Lansingh V.C., Larsson A., Lee P.H., Leigh J., Leung J., Levi M., Li Y., Kappe D.L., Liang X., Liben M.L., Lim S.S., Liu A., Liu P.Y., Liu Y., Lodha R., Logroscino G., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lozano R., Lucas T.C.D., Ma S., Macarayan E.R.K., Maddison E.R., Abd El Razek M.M., Majdan M., Majdzadeh R., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malhotra R., Malta D.C., Manguerra H., Manyazewal T., Mapoma C.C., Marczak L.B., Markos D., Martinez-Raga J., Martins-Melo F.R., Martopullo I., McAlinden C., McGaughey M., McGrath J.J., Mehata S., Meier T., Meles K.G., Memiah P., Memish Z.A., Mengesha M.M., Mengistu D.T., Menota B.G., Mensah G.A., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Millear A., Miller T.R., Minnig S., Mirarefn M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Misganaw A., Mishra S.R., Mohammad K.A., Mohammadi A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Mola G.L.D., Mollenkopf S.K., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Hernandez J.C.M., Montico M., Mooney M.D., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morawska L., Morrison S.D., Morozof C., Mountjoy-Venning C., Mruts K.B., Muller K., Murthy G.V.S., Musa K.I., Nachega J.B., Naheed A., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nascimento B.R., Nasher J.T., Natarajan G., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen G., Nguyen M., Nguyen Q.L., Nguyen T.H., Nichols E., Ningrum D.N.A., Nong V.M., Noubiap J.J.N., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Okoro A., Olagunju A.T., Olsen H.E., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ong K., 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Schulhofer-Wohl S., Schutte A.E., Schwebel D.C., Schwendicke F., Sepanlou S.G., Servan-Mori E.E., Shackelford K.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsipour M., Shamsizadeh M., Islam S.M.S., Sharma J., Sharma R., She J., Sheikhbahaei S., Shey M., Shi P., Shields C., Shigematsu M., Shiri R., Shirude S., Shiue I., Shoman H., Shrime M.G., Sigfusdottir I.D., Silpakit N., Silva J.P., Singh A., Singh J.A., Skiadaresi E., Sligar A., Smith A., Smith D.L., Smith M., Sobaih B.H.A., Soneji S., Sorensen R.J.D., Soriano J.B., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Stanaway J.D., Stathopoulou V., Steel N., Stein D.J., Steiner C., Steinke S., Stokes M.A., Strong M., Strub B., Subart M., Sufyan M.B., Sunguya B.F., Sur P.J., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Tabarés-Seisdedos R., Tadakamadla S.K., Takahashi K., Takala J.S., Talongwa R.T., Tarawneh M.R., Tavakkoli M., Taveira N., Tegegne T.K., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M.-H., Terkawi A.S., Thakur J.S., Thamsuwan O., Thankappan K.R., Thomas K.E., Thompson A.H., Thomson A.J., Thrift A.G., Tobe-Gai R., Topor-Madry R., Torre A., Tortajada M., Towbin J.A., Tran B.X., Troeger C., Truelsen T., Tsoi D., Tuzcu E.M., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., Undurraga E.A., Updike R., Uthman O.A., Uzochukwu B.S.C., Van Boven J.F.M., Vasankari T., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V.V., Vollset S.E., Vos T., Wakayo T., Wallin M.T., Wang Y.-P., Weiderpass E., Weintraub R.G., Weiss D.J., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Whetter B., Whiteford H.A., Wijeratne T., Wiysonge C.S., Woldeyes B.G., Wolfe C.D.A., Woodbrook R., Workicho A., Xavier D., Xiao Q., Xu G., Yaghoubi M., Yakob B., Yano Y., Yaseri M., Yimam H.H., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Yotebieng M., Younis M.Z., Zaidi Z., El Sayed Zaki M., Zegeye E.A., Zenebe Z.M., Zerfu T.A., Zhang A.L., Zhang X., Zipkin B., Zodpey S., Lopez A.D., Murray C.J.L., GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators (2017)Background: Monitoring levels and trends in premature mortality is crucial to understanding how societies can address prominent sources 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The Global Burden of Disease 2016 Study (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive ... -
Healthcare access and quality index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: A novel analysis from the global burden of disease study 2015
Barber R.M., Fullman N., Sorensen R.J.D., Bollyky T., McKee M., Nolte E., Abajobir A.A., Abate K.H., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdulle A.M., Abdurahman A.A., Abera S.F., Abraham B., Abreha G.F., Adane K., Adelekan A.L., Adetifa I.M.O., Afshin A., Agarwal A., Agarwal S.K., Agarwal S., Agrawal A., Ahmad Kiadaliri A., Ahmadi A., Ahmed K.Y., Ahmed M.B., Akinyemi R.O., Akinyemiju T.F., Akseer N., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alam N., Alam S.S., Alemu Z.A., Alene K.A., Alexander L., Ali R., Ali S.D., Alizadeh-Navaei R., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Allebeck P., Allen C., Al-Raddadi R., Alsharif U., Altirkawi K.A., Alvarez Martin E., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Amini E., Ammar W., Amo-Adjei J., Amoako Y.A., Anderson B.O., Androudi S., Ansari H., Ansha M.G., Antonio C.A.T., Ärnlöv J., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Assadi R., Astatkie A., Atey T.M., Atique S., Atnafu N.T., Atre S.R., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Awasthi A., Ayele N.N., Azzopardi P., Ba Saleem H.O., Bärnighausen T., Bacha U., Badawi A., Banerjee A., Barac A., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barrero L.H., Basu S., Baune B.T., Baye K., Bayou Y.T., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Bedi N., Beghi E., Béjot Y., Bello A.K., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhane A., Bernabé E., Bernal O.A., Beyene A.S., Beyene T.J., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgilign S., Bikbov B., Birlik S.M., Birungi C., Biryukov S., Bisanzio D., Bizuayehu H.M., Bose D., Brainin M., Brauer M., Brazinova A., Breitborde N.J.K., Brenner H., Butt Z.A., Cárdenas R., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Campos-Nonato I.R., Car J., Carrero J.J., Casey D., Caso V., Castañeda-Orjuela C.A., Castillo Rivas J., Catalá-López F., Cecilio P., Cercy K., Charlson F.J., Chen A.Z., Chew A., Chibalabala M., Chibueze C.E., Chisumpa V.H., Chitheer A.A., Chowdhury R., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Ciobanu L.G., Cirillo M., Coggeshall M.S., Cooper L.T., Cortinovis M., Crump J.A., Dalal K., Danawi H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dargan P.I., Das Neves J., Davey G., Davitoiu D.V., Davletov K., De Leo D., Del Gobbo L.C., Del Pozo-Cruz B., Dellavalle R.P., Deribe K., Deribew A., Des Jarlais D.C., Dey S., Dharmaratne S.D., Dicker D., Ding E.L., Dokova K., Dorsey E.R., Doyle K.E., Dubey M., Ehrenkranz R., Ellingsen C.L., Elyazar I., Enayati A., Ermakov S.P., Eshrati B., Esteghamati A., Estep K., Fürst T., Faghmous I.D.A., Fanuel F.B.B., Faraon E.J.A., Farid T.A., Farinha C.S.E.S., Faro A., Farvid M.S., Farzadfar F., Feigin V.L., Feigl A.B., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes J.G., Fernandes J.C., Feyissa T.R., Fischer F., Fitzmaurice C., Fleming T.D., Foigt N., Foreman K.J., Forouzanfar M.H., Franklin R.C., Frostad J., Ghiwot T.T., Gakidou E., Gambashidze K., Gamkrelidze A., Gao W., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Gebre T., Gebremedhin A.T., Gebremichael M.W., Gebru A.A., Gelaye A.A., Geleijnse J.M., Genova-Maleras R., Gibney K.B., Giref A.Z., Gishu M.D., Giussani G., Godwin W.W., Gold A., Goldberg E.M., Gona P.N., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Goto A., Graetz N., Greaves F., Griswold M., Guban P.I., Gugnani H.C., Gupta P.C., Gupta R., Gupta R., Gupta T., Gupta V., Habtewold T.D., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile D., Hailu A.D., Hailu G.B., Hakuzimana A., Hamadeh R.R., Hambisa M.T., Hamidi S., Hammami M., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harb H.L., Hareri H.A., Haro J.M., Hassanvand M.S., Havmoeller R., Hay R.J., Hay S.I., Hendrie D., Heredia-Pi I.B., Hoek H.W., Horino M., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Htet A.S., Hu G., Huang H., Huang J.J., Huntley B.M., Huynh C., Iburg K.M., Ileanu B.V., Innos K., Irenso A.A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M.B., James P., James S.L., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S.P., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha V., John D., Johnson C., Johnson S.C., Jonas J.B., Juel K., Kabir Z., Kalkonde Y., Kamal R., Kan H., Karch A., Karema C.K., Karimi S.M., Kasaeian A., Kassebaum N.J., Kastor A., Katikireddi S.V., Kazanjan K., Keiyoro P.N., Kemmer L., Kemp A.H., Kengne A.P., Kerbo A.A., Kereselidze M., Kesavachandran C.N., Khader Y.S., Khalil I., Khan A.R., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khang Y.-H., Khoja A.T.A., Khonelidze I., Khubchandani J., Kibret G.D., Kim D., Kim P., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kissoon N., Kivipelto M., Kokubo Y., Kolk A., Kolte D., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M., Krishnaswami S., Krohn K.J., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kuipers E.J., Kulkarni V.S., Kumar G.A., Kumsa F.A., Kutz M., Kyu H.H., Lager A.C.J., Lal A., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Lallukka T., Lan Q., Langan S.M., Lansingh V.C., Larson H.J., Larsson A., Laryea D.O., Latif A.A., Lawrynowicz A.E.B., Leasher J.L., Leigh J., Leinsalu M., Leshargie C.T., Leung J., Leung R., Levi M., Liang X., Lim S.S., Lind M., Linn S., Lipshultz S.E., Liu P., Liu Y., Lo L.-T., Logroscino G., Lopez A.D., Lorch S.A., Lotufo P.A., Lozano R., Lunevicius R., Lyons R.A., Macarayan E.R.K., Mackay M.T., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahdavi M., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mantovani L.G., Manyazewal T., Mapoma C.C., Marcenes W., Marks G.B., Marquez N., Martinez-Raga J., Marzan M.B., Massano J., Mathur M.R., Maulik P.K., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., McGrath J.J., McNellan C., Meaney P.A., Mehari A., Mehndiratta M.M., Meier T., Mekonnen A.B., Meles K.G., Memish Z.A., Mengesha M.M., Mengiste D.T., Mengistie M.A., Menota B.G., Mensah G.A., Mereta S.T., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mezgebe H.B., Micha R., Millear A., Mills E.J., Minnig S., Mirarefin M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mock C.N., Mohammad K.A., Mohammed S., Mohanty S.K., Mokdad A.H., Mola G.L.D., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Montico M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morawska L., Mori R., Moses M., Mueller U.O., Murthy S., Musa K.I., Nachega J.B., Nagata C., Nagel G., Naghavi M., Naheed A., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nascimento B.R., Negoi I., Neupane S.P., Newton C.R., Ng M., Ngalesoni F.N., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen G., Ningrum D.N.A., Nolte S., Nomura M., Norheim O.F., Norrving B., Noubiap J.J.N., Obermeyer C.M., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Okoro A., Oladimeji O., Olagunju A.T., Olivares P.R., Olsen H.E., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Opio J.N., Oren E., Ortiz A., Osborne R.H., Osman M., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P.A., Pain A.W., Pakhale S., Palomares Castillo E., Pana A., Papachristou C., Parsaeian M., Patel T., Patton G.C., Paudel D., Paul V.K., Pearce N., Pereira D.M., Perez-Padilla R., Perez-Ruiz F., Perico N., Pesudovs K., Petzold M., Phillips M.R., Pigott D.M., Pillay J.D., Pinho C., Polinder S., Pond C.D., Prakash V., Purwar M., Qorbani M., Quistberg D.A., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rahimi K., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M.H.U., Rai R.K., Ram U., Rana S.M., Rankin Z., Rao P.V., Rao P.C., Rawaf S., Rego M.A.S., Reitsma M., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A.M.N.N., Resnikoff S., Rezaei S., Rezai M.S., Ribeiro A.L., Roba H.S., Rokni M.B., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Roth G.A., Rothenbacher D., Roy N.K., Sachdev P.S., Sackey B.B., Saeedi M.Y., Safiri S., Sagar R., Sahraian M.A., Saleh M.M., Salomon J.A., Samy A.M., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Niño M.D., Sandar L., Santos I.S., Santos J.V., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sartorius B., Satpathy M., Savic M., Sawhney M., Saylan M.I., Schöttker B., Schutte A.E., Schwebel D.C., Seedat S., Seid A.M., Seifu C.N., Sepanlou S.G., Serdar B., Servan-Mori E.E., Setegn T., Shackelford K.A., Shaheen A., Shahraz S., Shaikh M.A., Shakh-Nazarova M., Shamsipour M., Shariful Islam S.M., Sharma J., Sharma R., She J., Sheikhbahaei S., Shen J., Shi P., Shigematsu M., Shin M.-J., Shiri R., Shoman H., Shrime M.G., Sibamo E.L.S., Sigfusdottir I.D., Silva D.A.S., Silveira D.G.A., Sindi S., Singh A., Singh J.A., Singh O.P., Singh P.K., Singh V., Sinke A.H., Sinshaw A.E., Skirbekk V., Sliwa K., Smith A., Sobngwi E., Soneji S., Soriano J.B., Sousa T.C.M., Sposato L.A., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stathopoulou V., Steel N., Steiner C., Steinke S., Stokes M.A., Stranges S., Strong M., Stroumpoulis K., Sturua L., Sufiyan M.B., Suliankatchi R.A., Sun J., Sur P., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Tabarés-Seisdedos R., Tabb K.M., Taffere G.R., Talongwa R.T., Tarajia M., Tavakkoli M., Taveira N., Teeple S., Tegegne T.K., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekelab T., Tekle D.Y., Temam Shifa G., Terkawi A.S., Tesema A.G., Thakur J.S., Thomson A.J., Tillmann T., Tiruye T.Y., Tobe-Gai R., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Tortajada M., Troeger C., Truelsen T., Tura A.K., Uchendu U.S., Ukwaja K.N., Undurraga E.A., Uneke C.J., Uthman O.A., Van Boven J.F.M., Van Dingenen R., Varughese S., Vasankari T., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vladimirov S.K., Vlassov V.V., Vollset S.E., Vos T., Wagner J.A., Wakayo T., Waller S.G., Walson J.L., Wang H., Wang Y.-P., Watkins D.A., Weiderpass E., Weintraub R.G., Wen C.-P., Werdecker A., Wesana J., Westerman R., Whiteford H.A., Wilkinson J.D., Wiysonge C.S., Woldeyes B.G., Wolfe C.D.A., Won S., Workicho A., Workie S.B., Wubshet M., Xavier D., Xu G., Yadav A.K., Yaghoubi M., Yakob B., Yan L.L., Yano Y., Yaseri M., Yimam H.H., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Younis M.Z., Yu C., Zaidi Z., El Sayed Zaki M., Zambrana-Torrelio C., Zapata T., Zenebe Z.M., Zodpey S., Zoeckler L., Zuhlke L.J., Murray C.J.L., GBD 2015 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators (2017)Background National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). ... -
SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and its clinical implications: An integrative overview of the pharmacotherapeutic management of COVID-19
Tsatsakis A., Calina D., Falzone L., Petrakis D., Mitrut R., Siokas V., Pennisi M., Lanza G., Libra M., Doukas S.G., Doukas P.G., Kavali L., Bukhari A., Gadiparthi C., Vageli D.P., Kofteridis D.P., Spandidos D.A., Paoliello M.M.B., Aschner M., Docea A.O. (2020)Common manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory and can extend from mild symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress. The severity of the illness can also extend from mild disease to life-threatening acute respiratory ...