Lower prevalence of epsilon 4 allele of apolipoprotein E gene in healthy, longer-lived individuals of hellenic origin

Abstract

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and especially its epsilon 4 isoform, is considered a risk factor predisposing to coronary heart disease. We hypothesized that the absence of epsilon 4 allele offers a better chance for longer life. So we compared the prevalence of ApoE genotypes in 80 healthy aged individuals (HAI) (> 80 years) and 391 Greek adults (median age 43 years) with ApoE genotype distribution consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (chi(2) = 5.93, p > .05). ApoE genotypes were comparable in both groups with the exception of E3/3 and E3/4, which were significantly higher (87.50% vs 75.99%, p = .025) and lower (5.00% vs 13.19%, p = .036), respectively, in HAI. The epsilon 2 and epsilon 3 allele frequencies were not different between the groups. The epsilon 4 allele was significantly less frequent in HAI compared to controls (3.1% vs 8.58%, p = .020). Our results indicate an unfavorable effect of 64 allele on longevity that may be attenuated by environmental and/or other genetic factors.