dc.creator | Tsatsakis A.M., Kouretas D., Tzatzarakis M.N., Stivaktakis P., Tsarouhas K., Golokhvast K.S., Rakitskii V.N., Tutelyan V.A., Hernandez A.F., Rezaee R., Chung G., Fenga C., Engin A.B., Neagu M., Arsene A.L., Docea A.O., Gofita E., Calina D., Taitzoglou I., Liesivuori J., Hayes A.W., Gutnikov S., Tsitsimpikou C. | en |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-01-31T10:12:13Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-01-31T10:12:13Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2017 | |
dc.identifier | 10.1177/0960327116681652 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 09603271 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11615/79876 | |
dc.description.abstract | In real life, consumers are exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals via food, water and commercial products consumption. Since risk assessment usually focuses on individual compounds, the current regulatory approach doesn't assess the overall risk of chemicals present in a mixture. This study will evaluate the cumulative toxicity of mixtures of different classes of pesticides and mixtures of different classes of pesticides together with food additives (FAs) and common consumer product chemicals using realistic doses after long-term exposure. Groups of Sprague Dawley (CD-SD) rats (20 males and 20 females) will be treated with mixtures of pesticides or mixtures of pesticides together with FAs and common consumer product chemicals in 0.0, 0.25 × acceptable daily intake (ADI)/tolerable daily intake (TDI), ADI/TDI and 5 × ADI/TDI doses for 104 weeks. All animals will be examined every day for signs of morbidity and mortality. Clinical chemistry hematological parameters, serum hormone levels, biomarkers of oxidative stress, cardiotoxicity, genotoxicity, urinalysis and echocardiographic tests will be assessed periodically at 6 month intervals. At 3-month intervals, ophthalmological examination, test for sensory reactivity to different types of stimuli, together with assessment of learning abilities and memory performance of the adult and ageing animals will be conducted. After 24 months, animals will be necropsied, and internal organs will be histopathologically examined. If the hypothesis of an increased risk or a new hazard not currently identified from cumulative exposure to multiple chemicals was observed, this will provide further information to public authorities and research communities supporting the need of replacing current single-compound risk assessment by a more robust cumulative risk assessment paradigm. © The Author(s) 2016. | en |
dc.language.iso | en | en |
dc.source | Human and Experimental Toxicology | en |
dc.source.uri | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015686314&doi=10.1177%2f0960327116681652&partnerID=40&md5=567654fc1c6de7795d7ac75908108f49 | |
dc.subject | alanine aminotransferase | en |
dc.subject | albumin | en |
dc.subject | alkaline phosphatase | en |
dc.subject | aspartate aminotransferase | en |
dc.subject | bile acid | en |
dc.subject | bilirubin | en |
dc.subject | biological marker | en |
dc.subject | calcium | en |
dc.subject | cholesterol | en |
dc.subject | cholinesterase | en |
dc.subject | creatinine | en |
dc.subject | estradiol | en |
dc.subject | food additive | en |
dc.subject | globulin | en |
dc.subject | glucose | en |
dc.subject | hemoglobin | en |
dc.subject | liothyronine | en |
dc.subject | nitrogen | en |
dc.subject | pesticide | en |
dc.subject | pesticide residue | en |
dc.subject | phosphorus | en |
dc.subject | potassium chloride | en |
dc.subject | protein | en |
dc.subject | sodium | en |
dc.subject | testosterone | en |
dc.subject | thyrotropin | en |
dc.subject | thyroxine | en |
dc.subject | triacylglycerol | en |
dc.subject | urea | en |
dc.subject | food additive | en |
dc.subject | pesticide | en |
dc.subject | adult | en |
dc.subject | aged | en |
dc.subject | alanine aminotransferase blood level | en |
dc.subject | albumin blood level | en |
dc.subject | alkaline phosphatase blood level | en |
dc.subject | animal experiment | en |
dc.subject | animal model | en |
dc.subject | animal tissue | en |
dc.subject | Article | en |
dc.subject | aspartate aminotransferase blood level | en |
dc.subject | autopsy | en |
dc.subject | basophil | en |
dc.subject | bile acid blood level | en |
dc.subject | bilirubin blood level | en |
dc.subject | calcium blood level | en |
dc.subject | cardiotoxicity | en |
dc.subject | cholesterol blood level | en |
dc.subject | clinical chemistry | en |
dc.subject | controlled study | en |
dc.subject | creatinine blood level | en |
dc.subject | echocardiography | en |
dc.subject | eosinophil count | en |
dc.subject | erythrocyte count | en |
dc.subject | estradiol blood level | en |
dc.subject | eye examination | en |
dc.subject | female | en |
dc.subject | genotoxicity | en |
dc.subject | glucose blood level | en |
dc.subject | health hazard | en |
dc.subject | hematological parameters | en |
dc.subject | hemoglobin blood level | en |
dc.subject | histopathology | en |
dc.subject | hormone blood level | en |
dc.subject | human | en |
dc.subject | learning | en |
dc.subject | leukocyte count | en |
dc.subject | liothyronine blood level | en |
dc.subject | long term exposure | en |
dc.subject | lymphocyte count | en |
dc.subject | male | en |
dc.subject | mean corpuscular hemoglobin | en |
dc.subject | mean corpuscular volume | en |
dc.subject | memory | en |
dc.subject | monocyte | en |
dc.subject | morbidity | en |
dc.subject | mortality | en |
dc.subject | neutrophil count | en |
dc.subject | nonhuman | en |
dc.subject | oxidative stress | en |
dc.subject | phosphate blood level | en |
dc.subject | potassium blood level | en |
dc.subject | priority journal | en |
dc.subject | protein blood level | en |
dc.subject | rat | en |
dc.subject | sodium blood level | en |
dc.subject | stimulus response | en |
dc.subject | testosterone blood level | en |
dc.subject | thrombocyte count | en |
dc.subject | thyrotropin blood level | en |
dc.subject | thyroxine blood level | en |
dc.subject | toxicity testing | en |
dc.subject | urea nitrogen blood level | en |
dc.subject | urinalysis | en |
dc.subject | animal | en |
dc.subject | computer simulation | en |
dc.subject | consensus | en |
dc.subject | environmental exposure | en |
dc.subject | food contamination | en |
dc.subject | procedures | en |
dc.subject | risk assessment | en |
dc.subject | Sprague Dawley rat | en |
dc.subject | Animals | en |
dc.subject | Computer Simulation | en |
dc.subject | Consensus | en |
dc.subject | Environmental Exposure | en |
dc.subject | Female | en |
dc.subject | Food Additives | en |
dc.subject | Food Contamination | en |
dc.subject | Humans | en |
dc.subject | Male | en |
dc.subject | Pesticides | en |
dc.subject | Rats, Sprague-Dawley | en |
dc.subject | Risk Assessment | en |
dc.subject | SAGE Publications Ltd | en |
dc.title | Simulating real-life exposures to uncover possible risks to human health: A proposed consensus for a novel methodological approach | en |
dc.type | journalArticle | en |