Biosensors for aquaculture and food safety

Abstract

Harmful Algal Blooms create serious problems in coastal waters and estuaries, affecting both water quality and aesthetics, but also threatening human health associated with the transfer of toxins in the human food chain through toxin-affected shellfish and fish. The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive defines the contaminants that should be monitored, as they threaten the Good Environmental Status of waters and biosensors are a highly promising technology that can produce online real-time measurements that could be used by early warning systems safeguarding human and marine ecosystem health. The state of the art in ocean in situ biosensors for aquaculture and food safety is presented herein. A series of challenges are described and areas where innovations should be focused are identified. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.