Revision total hip arthroplasty for aseptic loosening compared with primary total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: long-term clinical, functional and quality of life outcome data

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was the comparative assessment of long-term clinical (subjective and objective), functional and quality of life outcome data between primary and revision THA. Methods: 122 patients (130 hips) who underwent cementless revision THA of both components (TMT cup, Wagner SL stem, Zimmer Biomet) for aseptic loosening only (Group A) were compared to a matched group of 100 patients (100 hips) who underwent cementless primary THA for osteoarthritis (Synergy stem, R3 cup, Smith & Nephew) (Group B). Outcomes were evaluated with survival analysis curves, Harris Hip Score (HHS), WOMAC, Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) and EQ-5D-5L scales. Mobility was assessed with walking speed, Timed Up And Go Test (TUG), Parker Mobility Score, Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and UCLA scores. Results: At a mean follow-up of 11.1 (8–17) years a cumulative success rate of 96% (95% CI, 96–99%) in Group A and 98% (95% CI, 97–99%) in Group B with operation for any reason as an endpoint was recorded. Statistically significant differences between groups were developed for WOMAC (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.014), OHS (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.020) and physical component of SF-12 scores (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.029) only. Group A had less improvement in function as compared with group B. In Group A, in multiple regression analysis, patients’ cognition (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.007) and pain (p = 0.022) were found to be independent factors influencing functional recovery (WOMAC). Similarly, pain (p = 0.03) was found to influence quality of life (EQ-5D-5). Conclusions: In the long term, revision THA shows satisfactory but inferior clinical, functional, and quality of life outcomes when compared to primary THA. Residual pain, BMI and cognitive impairment independently affect functional outcomes. © The Author(s) 2022.