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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase depletes tryptophan, activates general control non-derepressible 2 kinase and down-regulates key enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis in primary human CD4+ T cells
(2015)
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is expressed in antigen-presenting cells and exerts immunosuppressive effects on CD4+ T cells. One mechanism is through the inhibition of aerobic glycolysis. Another prerequisite for T-cell ...
Dichloroacetate at therapeutic concentration alters glucose metabolism and induces regulatory t-cell differentiation in alloreactive human lymphocytes
(2013)
Background: Most cancer cells rely on aerobic glycolysis. Dichloroacetate (DCA) inhibits aerobic glycolysis and is a promising relatively nontoxic anticancer compound. However, rapidly proliferating effector T-cells also ...
Uric acid induces caspase-1 activation, IL-1β secretion and P2X7 receptor dependent proliferation in primary human lymphocytes
(2013)
Background: Urate through Nacht Domain, Leucine-Rich Repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NALP3) dependent caspase-1 activation stimulates macrophages to secrete inteleukin-1β (IL-1β). Purinergic receptor P2X7 ...
Urate crystals induce NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion and proliferation in isolated primary human T-cells
(2015)
Background: Urate through NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-dependent caspase-1 activation stimulates macrophages to secrete inteleukin-1β (IL-1β). Urate also enhances adaptive immunity ...
Toll-like receptors and their role in renal pathologies
(2012)
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the first identified and best studied family of pattern recognition receptors. Expressed in immunocytes, TLRs initiate innate immune responses and concurrently shape the subsequent adaptive ...
Malate dehydrogenase-2 inhibitor LW6 promotes metabolic adaptations and reduces proliferation and apoptosis in activated human T-cells
(2015)
Activated T cells rely on aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis in order to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells. Therefore, intervention in these metabolic pathways inhibits proliferation. The aim of the ...