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Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
(2012)
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune origin, characterised by the destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease has an unpredictable clinical course but may progress to ...
Twin studies in autoimmune disease: Genetics, gender and environment
(2012)
Twin studies are powerful tools to discriminate whether a complex disease is due to genetic or environmental factors. High concordance rates among monozygotic (MZ) twins support genetic factors being predominantly involved, ...
Tracing environmental markers of autoimmunity: introducing the infectome
(2013)
We recently introduced the concept of the infectome as a means of studying all infectious factors which contribute to the development of autoimmune disease. It forms the infectious part of the exposome, which collates all ...
Infectomics and autoinfectomics: a tool to study infectious-induced autoimmunity
(2015)
The exposome represents all exogenous and endogenous environmental exposures that begin at preconception and carry on throughout life, while the microbiome reflects the microbial component of the exposome. We recently ...
Infectome: A platform to trace infectious triggers of autoimmunity
(2013)
The "exposome" is a term recently used to describe all environmental factors, both exogenous and endogenous, which we are exposed to in a lifetime. It represents an important tool in the study of autoimmunity, complementing ...
Helicobacter pylori and autoimmune disease: Cause or bystander
(2014)
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main cause of chronic gastritis and a major risk factor for gastric cancer. This pathogen has also been considered a potential trigger of gastric autoimmunity, and in particular of ...