• Long-Term Cardiac Monitoring After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Search Longer, Look Harder 

      Sagris D., Harrison S.L., Buckley B.J.R., Ntaios G., Lip G.Y.H. (2022)
      Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) represents a heterogeneous subgroup of patients with cryptogenic stroke, in which despite an extensive diagnostic workup the cause of stroke remains uncertain. Identifying covert ...
    • Potential Embolic Sources and Outcomes in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source in the NAVIGATE-ESUS Trial 

      Ntaios G., Pearce L.A., Veltkamp R., Sharma M., Kasner S.E., Korompoki E., Milionis H., Mundl H., Berkowitz S.D., Connolly S.J., Hart R.G. (2020)
      Background and Purpose - Emboli in embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) may originate from various potential embolic sources (PES), some of which may respond better to anticoagulation, whereas others to antiplatelets. ...
    • Predictors of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Embolic Strokes of Undetermined Source and Effects of Rivaroxaban Versus Aspirin According to Risk Status: The NAVIGATE ESUS Trial 

      Hart R.G., Veltkamp R.C., Sheridan P., Sharma M., Kasner S.E., Bangdiwala S.I., Ntaios G., Shoamanesh A., Ameriso S.F., Toni D., Czlonkowska A., Lindgren A., Hankey G.J., Perera K.S., Shuaib A., Coutts S.B., Gagliardi R.J., Berkowitz S.D., Mundl H., Peters G., Connolly S.J., NAVIGATE ESUS Investigators (2019)
      Background: Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) identifies patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke presumed due to embolism from several unidentified sources. Among patients with recent ESUS, we sought to determine ...
    • Real-World Setting Comparison of Nonvitamin-K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin-K Antagonists for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 

      Ntaios G., Papavasileiou V., Makaritsis K., Vemmos K., Michel P., Lip G.Y.H. (2017)
      Background and Purpose - Evidence from the real-world setting complements evidence coming from randomized controlled trials. We aimed to summarize all available evidence from high-quality real-world observational studies ...
    • Recurrent Stroke with Rivaroxaban Compared with Aspirin According to Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation: Secondary Analysis of the NAVIGATE ESUS Randomized Clinical Trial 

      Healey J.S., Gladstone D.J., Swaminathan B., Eckstein J., Mundl H., Epstein A.E., Haeusler K.G., Mikulik R., Kasner S.E., Toni D., Arauz A., Ntaios G., Hankey G.J., Perera K., Pagola J., Shuaib A., Lutsep H., Yang X., Uchiyama S., Endres M., Coutts S.B., Karliński M., Czlonkowska A., Molina C.A., Santo G., Berkowitz S.D., Hart R.G., Connolly S.J. (2019)
      Importance: The NAVIGATE ESUS randomized clinical trial found that 15 mg of rivaroxaban per day does not reduce stroke compared with aspirin in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS); however, it ...
    • Renal function and risk stratification of patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source 

      Ntaios G., Lip G.Y.H., Lambrou D., Michel P., Perlepe K., Eskandari A., Nannoni S., Sirimarco G., Strambo D., Vemmos K., Koroboki E., Manios E., Vemmou A., Rodríguez-Campello A., Cuadrado-Godia E., Roquer J., Arnao V., Caso V., Paciaroni M., Diez-Tejedor E., Fuentes B., Pardo J.R., Arauz A., Ameriso S.F., Pertierra L., Gómez-Schneider M., Hawkes M.A., Bandini F., Cano B.C., Mohedano A.M.I., Pastor A.G., Gil-Núñez A., Putaala J., Tatlisumak T., Barboza M.A., Karagkiozi E., Makaritsis K., Papavasileiou V. (2018)
      Background and Purpose-We aimed to assess if renal function can aid in risk stratification for ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) recurrence and death in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source ...
    • Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source 

      Diener H.-C., Easton J.D., Hart R.G., Kasner S., Kamel H., Ntaios G. (2022)
      Ischaemic strokes have traditionally been classified according to the TOAST criteria, in which strokes with unclear aetiology are classified as cryptogenic strokes. However, the definition of cryptogenic stroke did not ...
    • Rivaroxaban for stroke prevention after embolic stroke of undetermined source 

      Hart R.G., Sharma M., Mundl H., Kasner S.E., Bangdiwala S.I., Berkowitz S.D., Swaminathan B., Lavados P., Wang Y., Wang Y., Davalos A., Shamalov N., Mikulik R., Cunha L., Lindgren A., Arauz A., Lang W., Czlonkowska A., Eckstein J., Gagliardi R.J., Amarenco P., Ameriso S.F., Tatlisumak T., Veltkamp R., Hankey G.J., Toni D., Bereczki D., Uchiyama S., Ntaios G., Yoon B.-W., Brouns R., Endres M., Muir K.W., Bornstein N., Ozturk S., O'Donnell M.J., De Vries Basson M.M., Pare G., Pater C., Kirsch B., Sheridan P., Peters G., Weitz J.I., Peacock W.F., Shoamanesh A., Benavente O.R., Joyner C., Themeles E., Connolly S.J., for the NAVIGATE ESUS Investigators (2018)
      BACKGROUND Embolic strokes of undetermined source represent 20% of ischemic strokes and are associated with a high rate of recurrence. Anticoagulant treatment with rivaroxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, may result in a ...
    • Supracardiac atherosclerosis in embolic stroke of undetermined source: The underestimated source 

      Ntaios G., Wintermark M., Michel P. (2021)
      The term ‘embolic stroke of undetermined source’ (ESUS) is used to describe patients with a non-lacunar ischaemic stroke without any identified embolic source from the heart or the arteries supplying the ischaemic territory, ...
    • Supraventricular Extrasystoles on Standard 12-lead Electrocardiogram Predict New Incident Atrial Fibrillation after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: The AF-ESUS Study 

      Ntaios G., Perlepe K., Lambrou D., Sirimarco G., Strambo D., Eskandari A., Karagkiozi E., Vemmou A., Koroboki E., Manios E., Makaritsis K., Michel P., Vemmos K. (2020)
      Background: The diagnosis of covert atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a major challenge to guide secondary prevention of patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Aims: We analyzed consecutive ESUS patients ...
    • Timing of initiation of oral anticoagulants in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation comparing posterior and anterior circulation strokes 

      Paciaroni M., Agnelli G., Giustozzi M., Tsivgoulis G., Yaghi S., Grory B.M., Furie K.L., Tadi P., Zedde M., Abdul-Rahim A.H., Dawson J., Lees K.R., Alberti A., Venti M., Acciarresi M., D’Amore C., Mosconi M.G., Bogini V., Cappellari M., Rigatelli A., Bonetti B., Putaala J., Tomppo L., Tatlisumak T., Bandini F., Marcheselli S., Pezzini A., Poli L., Padovani A., Masotti L., Grifoni E., Vannucchi V., Sohn S.-I., Lorenzini G., Tassi R., Guideri F., Acampa M., Martini G., Ntaios G., Athanasakis G., Makaritsis K., Karagkiozi E., Vadikolias K., Liantinioti C., Palaiodimou L., Mumoli N., Porta C., Galati F., Sacco S., Tiseo C., Corea F., Ageno W., Bellesini M., Silvestrelli G., Ciccone A., Scoditti U., Denti L., Mancuso M., Caselli M.C., Maccarrone M., Ulivi L., Orlandi G., Giannini N., Tassinari T., Lodovici M.L.D., Rueckert C., Baldi A., Toni D., Gentile L., Letteri F., Giuntini M., Lotti E.M., Flomin Y., Pieroni A., Kargiotis O., Karapanayiotides T., Monaco S., Mannino M., Baronello M.M., Csiba L., Szabó L., Chiti A., Giorli E., Sette M.D., Schirinzi E., Imberti D., Zabzuni D., Doronin B., Volodina V., Michel P., Eskandari A., Vanacker P., Barlinn K., Barlinn J., Deleu D., Gourbali V., Caso V. (2020)
      Introduction: The aim of this study in patients with acute posterior ischaemic stroke (PS) and atrial fibrillation (AF) was to evaluate (1) the risks of recurrent ischaemic event and severe bleeding and (2) these risks in ...
    • A tool to identify patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source at high recurrence risk 

      Ntaios G., Georgiopoulos G., Perlepe K., Sirimarco G., Strambo D., Eskandari A., Nannoni S., Vemmou A., Koroboki E., Manios E., Rodríguez-Campello A., Cuadrado-Godia E., Roquer J., Arnao V., Caso V., Paciaroni M., Diez-Tejedor E., Fuentes B., Rodríguez Pardo J., Sánchez-Velasco S., Arauz A., Ameriso S.F., Pertierra L., Gómez-Schneider M., Hawkes M.A., Barboza M.A., Chavarria Cano B., Iglesias Mohedano A.M., García Pastor A., Gil-Núñez A., Putaala J., Tatlisumak T., Karagkiozi E., Papavasileiou V., Makaritsis K., Bandini F., Vemmos K., Michel P. (2019)
      ObjectiveA tool to stratify the risk of stroke recurrence in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) could be useful in research and clinical practice. We aimed to determine whether a score can be developed ...