Downregulation of serum epidermal growth factor in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Is there a link with mucosal damage?
Autore
Oikonomou, K. A.; Kapsoritakis, A. N.; Kapsoritaki, A. I.; Manolakis, A. C.; Tsiopoulos, F. D.; Germenis, A. E.; Potamianos, S. P.Data
2010Soggetto
Abstract
Background: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a multipotent peptide which contributes to epithelial development, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, acceleration of wound healing, and promotion of angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum EGF concentrations in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, with regard to disease and patients' characteristics.Methods: EGF determination was performed by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fifty-two patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 59 with Crohn's disease (CD), and 55 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study.Results: Mean ( ± SEM) serum EGF levels were 217.2 ( ± 30.40) pg/mL in UC patients, 324.6 ( ± 37.29) pg/mL in CD patients, and 453.1 ( ± 39.44) pg/mL in HC. Serum EGF levels were significantly lower in UC and CD patients compared to HC (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0199, respectively). Lower serum EGF levels were observed in UC compared to CD patients (P = 0.0277). Extent of the disease was found to affect serum EGF levels in UC, demonstrating significant reduction in patients with left-sided colitis and pancolitis in comparison with those with proctitis (P = 0.0190 and P = 0.0024, respectively). EGF concentration was not influenced by other characteristics of patients and disease.Conclusions: Significantly, lower levels of serum EGF are observed in IBD patients compared to HC, while disease extent plays a key role in regulation of serum EGF in UC. Downregulation of serum EGF may be correlated with different patterns of bowel inflammation, epithelial development, and wound healing in IBD. © 2010 Informa UK, Ltd.
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Global, regional, and national age-sex specifc mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Naghavi M., Abajobir A.A., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abera S.F., Aboyans V., Adetokunboh O., Ärnlöv J., Afshin A., Agrawal A., Kiadaliri A.A., Ahmadi A., Ahmed M.B., Aichour A.N., Aichour I., Aichour M.T.E., Aiyar S., Al-Eyadhy A., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alam N., Alam T., Alene K.A., Ali S.D., Alizadeh-Navaei R., Alkaabi J.M., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Allebeck P., Allen C., Al-Raddadi R., Alsharif U., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Amini E., Ammar W., Amoako Y.A., Anber N., Andersen H.H., Andrei C.L., Androudi S., Ansari H., Antonio C.A.T., Anwari P., Arora M., Artaman A., Aryal K.K., Asayesh H., Asgedom S.W., Atey T.M., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Quintanilla B.P.A., Béjot Y., Babalola T.K., Bacha U., Balakrishnan K., Barac A., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barquera S., Barregard L., Barrero L.H., Baune B.T., Bedi N., Beghi E., Bekele B.B., Bell M.L., Bennett J.R., Bensenor I.M., Berhane A., Bernabé E., Betsu B.D., Beuran M., Bhatt S., Biadgilign S., Bienhof K., Bikbov B., Bisanzio D., Bourne R.R.A., Breitborde N.J.K., Bulto L.N.B., Bumgarner B.R., Butt Z.A., Cárdenas R., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Cameron E., Campuzano J.C., Car J., Carrero J.J., Carter A., Casey D.C., Castañeda-Orjuela C.A., Catalá-López F., Charlson F.J., Chibueze C.E., Chimed-Ochir O., Chisumpa V.H., Chitheer A.A., Christopher D.J., Ciobanu L.G., Cirillo M., Cohen A.J., Colombara D., Cooper C., Cowie B.C., Criqui M.H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dargan P.I., Das Neves J., Davitoiu D.V., Davletov K., De Courten B., Degenhardt L., Deiparine S., Deribe K., Deribew A., Dey S., Dicker D., Ding E.L., Djalalinia S., Do H.P., Doku D.T., Douwes-Schultz D., Driscoll T.R., Dubey M., Duncan B.B., Echko M., El-Khatib Z.Z., Ellingsen C.L., Enayati A., Erskine H.E., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Ermakov S.P., Estep K., Sa Farinha C.S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Feigin V.L., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes J.C., Ferrari A.J., Feyissa T.R., Filip I., Finegold S., Fischer F., Fitzmaurice C., Flaxman A.D., Foigt N., Frank T., Fraser M., Fullman N., Fürst T., Furtado J.M., Gakidou E., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Gebre T., Gebregergs G.B., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremichael D.Y., Geleijnse J.M., Genova-Maleras R., Gesesew H.A., Gething P.W., Gillum R.F., Ginawi I.A.M., Giref A.Z., Giroud M., Giussani G., Godwin W.W., Gold A.L., Goldberg E.M., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Gouda H.N., Goulart A.C., Griswold M., Gupta P.C., Gupta R., Gupta T., Gupta V., Haagsma J.A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hailu A.D., Hailu G.B., Hamadeh R.R., Hambisa M.T., Hamidi S., Hammami M., Hancock J., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harb H.L., Hareri H.A., Hassanvand M.S., Havmoeller R., Hay S.I., He F., Hedayati M.T., Henry N.J., Heredia-Pi I.B., Herteliu C., Hoek H.W., Horino M., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hostiuc S., Hotez P.J., Hoy D.G., Huynh C., Iburg K.M., Ikeda C., Ileanu B.V., Irenso A.A., Irvine C.M.S., Jürisson M., Jacobsen K.H., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M.B., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S.P., Jeemon P., Jha V., John D., Johnson C.O., Johnson S.C., Jonas J.B., Kabir Z., Kadel R., Kahsay A., Kamal R., Karch A., Karimi S.M., Karimkhani C., Kasaeian A., Kassaw N.A., Kassebaum N.J., Katikireddi S.V., Kawakami N., Keiyoro P.N., Kemmer L., Kesavachandran C.N., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khoja A.T.A., Khosravi A., Khosravi M.H., Khubchandani J., Kieling C., Kievlan D., Kim D., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kissoon N., Kivimaki M., Knudsen A.K., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Defo B.K., Kulikof X.R., Kumar G.A., Kumar P., Kutz M., Kyu H.H., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Lambert T.L.N., Lan Q., Lansingh V.C., Larsson A., Lee P.H., Leigh J., Leung J., Levi M., Li Y., Kappe D.L., Liang X., Liben M.L., Lim S.S., Liu A., Liu P.Y., Liu Y., Lodha R., Logroscino G., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lozano R., Lucas T.C.D., Ma S., Macarayan E.R.K., Maddison E.R., Abd El Razek M.M., Majdan M., Majdzadeh R., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malhotra R., Malta D.C., Manguerra H., Manyazewal T., Mapoma C.C., Marczak L.B., Markos D., Martinez-Raga J., Martins-Melo F.R., Martopullo I., McAlinden C., McGaughey M., McGrath J.J., Mehata S., Meier T., Meles K.G., Memiah P., Memish Z.A., Mengesha M.M., Mengistu D.T., Menota B.G., Mensah G.A., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Millear A., Miller T.R., Minnig S., Mirarefn M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Misganaw A., Mishra S.R., Mohammad K.A., Mohammadi A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Mola G.L.D., Mollenkopf S.K., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Hernandez J.C.M., Montico M., Mooney M.D., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morawska L., Morrison S.D., Morozof C., Mountjoy-Venning C., Mruts K.B., Muller K., Murthy G.V.S., Musa K.I., Nachega J.B., Naheed A., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nascimento B.R., Nasher J.T., Natarajan G., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen G., Nguyen M., Nguyen Q.L., Nguyen T.H., Nichols E., Ningrum D.N.A., Nong V.M., Noubiap J.J.N., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Okoro A., Olagunju A.T., Olsen H.E., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ong K., Opio J.N., Oren E., Ortiz A., Osman M., Ota E., Mahesh P.A., Pacella R.E., Pakhale S., Pana A., Panda B.K., Jonas S., Papachristou C., Park E.-K., Patten S.B., Patton G.C., Paudel D., Paulson K., Pereira D.M., Perez-Ruiz F., Perico N., Pervaiz A., Petzold M., Phillips M.R., Pigott D.M., Pinho C., Plass D., Pletcher M.A., Polinder S., Postma M.J., Pourmalek F., Purcell C., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Ur Rahman M.H., Rai R.K., Ranabhat C.L., Rankin Z., Rao P.C., Rath G.K., Rawaf S., Ray S.E., Rehm J., Reiner R.C., Reitsma M.B., Remuzzi G., Rezaei S., Rezai M.S., Rokni M.B., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Roth G.A., Rothenbacher D., Ruhago G.M., Rizwan S.A., Saadat S., Sachdev P.S., Sadat N., Safdarian M., Saf S., Safiri S., Sagar R., Sahathevan R., Salama J., Salamati P., Salomon J.A., Samy A.M., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Niño M.D., Santomauro D., Santos I.S., Milicevic M.M.S., Sartorius B., Satpathy M., Shahraz S., Schmidt M.I., Schneider I.J.C., Schulhofer-Wohl S., Schutte A.E., Schwebel D.C., Schwendicke F., Sepanlou S.G., Servan-Mori E.E., Shackelford K.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsipour M., Shamsizadeh M., Islam S.M.S., Sharma J., Sharma R., She J., Sheikhbahaei S., Shey M., Shi P., Shields C., Shigematsu M., Shiri R., Shirude S., Shiue I., Shoman H., Shrime M.G., Sigfusdottir I.D., Silpakit N., Silva J.P., Singh A., Singh J.A., Skiadaresi E., Sligar A., Smith A., Smith D.L., Smith M., Sobaih B.H.A., Soneji S., Sorensen R.J.D., Soriano J.B., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Stanaway J.D., Stathopoulou V., Steel N., Stein D.J., Steiner C., Steinke S., Stokes M.A., Strong M., Strub B., Subart M., Sufyan M.B., Sunguya B.F., Sur P.J., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Tabarés-Seisdedos R., Tadakamadla S.K., Takahashi K., Takala J.S., Talongwa R.T., Tarawneh M.R., Tavakkoli M., Taveira N., Tegegne T.K., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M.-H., Terkawi A.S., Thakur J.S., Thamsuwan O., Thankappan K.R., Thomas K.E., Thompson A.H., Thomson A.J., Thrift A.G., Tobe-Gai R., Topor-Madry R., Torre A., Tortajada M., Towbin J.A., Tran B.X., Troeger C., Truelsen T., Tsoi D., Tuzcu E.M., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., Undurraga E.A., Updike R., Uthman O.A., Uzochukwu B.S.C., Van Boven J.F.M., Vasankari T., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V.V., Vollset S.E., Vos T., Wakayo T., Wallin M.T., Wang Y.-P., Weiderpass E., Weintraub R.G., Weiss D.J., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Whetter B., Whiteford H.A., Wijeratne T., Wiysonge C.S., Woldeyes B.G., Wolfe C.D.A., Woodbrook R., Workicho A., Xavier D., Xiao Q., Xu G., Yaghoubi M., Yakob B., Yano Y., Yaseri M., Yimam H.H., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Yotebieng M., Younis M.Z., Zaidi Z., El Sayed Zaki M., Zegeye E.A., Zenebe Z.M., Zerfu T.A., Zhang A.L., Zhang X., Zipkin B., Zodpey S., Lopez A.D., Murray C.J.L., GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators (2017)Background: Monitoring levels and trends in premature mortality is crucial to understanding how societies can address prominent sources of early death. The Global Burden of Disease 2016 Study (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive ... -
Healthcare access and quality index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: A novel analysis from the global burden of disease study 2015
Barber R.M., Fullman N., Sorensen R.J.D., Bollyky T., McKee M., Nolte E., Abajobir A.A., Abate K.H., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdulle A.M., Abdurahman A.A., Abera S.F., Abraham B., Abreha G.F., Adane K., Adelekan A.L., Adetifa I.M.O., Afshin A., Agarwal A., Agarwal S.K., Agarwal S., Agrawal A., Ahmad Kiadaliri A., Ahmadi A., Ahmed K.Y., Ahmed M.B., Akinyemi R.O., Akinyemiju T.F., Akseer N., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alam N., Alam S.S., Alemu Z.A., Alene K.A., Alexander L., Ali R., Ali S.D., Alizadeh-Navaei R., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Allebeck P., Allen C., Al-Raddadi R., Alsharif U., Altirkawi K.A., Alvarez Martin E., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Amini E., Ammar W., Amo-Adjei J., Amoako Y.A., Anderson B.O., Androudi S., Ansari H., Ansha M.G., Antonio C.A.T., Ärnlöv J., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Assadi R., Astatkie A., Atey T.M., Atique S., Atnafu N.T., Atre S.R., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Awasthi A., Ayele N.N., Azzopardi P., Ba Saleem H.O., Bärnighausen T., Bacha U., Badawi A., Banerjee A., Barac A., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barrero L.H., Basu S., Baune B.T., Baye K., Bayou Y.T., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Bedi N., Beghi E., Béjot Y., Bello A.K., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhane A., Bernabé E., Bernal O.A., Beyene A.S., Beyene T.J., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgilign S., Bikbov B., Birlik S.M., Birungi C., Biryukov S., Bisanzio D., Bizuayehu H.M., Bose D., Brainin M., Brauer M., Brazinova A., Breitborde N.J.K., Brenner H., Butt Z.A., Cárdenas R., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Campos-Nonato I.R., Car J., Carrero J.J., Casey D., Caso V., Castañeda-Orjuela C.A., Castillo Rivas J., Catalá-López F., Cecilio P., Cercy K., Charlson F.J., Chen A.Z., Chew A., Chibalabala M., Chibueze C.E., Chisumpa V.H., Chitheer A.A., Chowdhury R., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Ciobanu L.G., Cirillo M., Coggeshall M.S., Cooper L.T., Cortinovis M., Crump J.A., Dalal K., Danawi H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dargan P.I., Das Neves J., Davey G., Davitoiu D.V., Davletov K., De Leo D., Del Gobbo L.C., Del Pozo-Cruz B., Dellavalle R.P., Deribe K., Deribew A., Des Jarlais D.C., Dey S., Dharmaratne S.D., Dicker D., Ding E.L., Dokova K., Dorsey E.R., Doyle K.E., Dubey M., Ehrenkranz R., Ellingsen C.L., Elyazar I., Enayati A., Ermakov S.P., Eshrati B., Esteghamati A., Estep K., Fürst T., Faghmous I.D.A., Fanuel F.B.B., Faraon E.J.A., Farid T.A., Farinha C.S.E.S., Faro A., Farvid M.S., Farzadfar F., Feigin V.L., Feigl A.B., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes J.G., Fernandes J.C., Feyissa T.R., Fischer F., Fitzmaurice C., Fleming T.D., Foigt N., Foreman K.J., Forouzanfar M.H., Franklin R.C., Frostad J., Ghiwot T.T., Gakidou E., Gambashidze K., Gamkrelidze A., Gao W., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Gebre T., Gebremedhin A.T., Gebremichael M.W., Gebru A.A., Gelaye A.A., Geleijnse J.M., Genova-Maleras R., Gibney K.B., Giref A.Z., Gishu M.D., Giussani G., Godwin W.W., Gold A., Goldberg E.M., Gona P.N., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Goto A., Graetz N., Greaves F., Griswold M., Guban P.I., Gugnani H.C., Gupta P.C., Gupta R., Gupta R., Gupta T., Gupta V., Habtewold T.D., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile D., Hailu A.D., Hailu G.B., Hakuzimana A., Hamadeh R.R., Hambisa M.T., Hamidi S., Hammami M., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harb H.L., Hareri H.A., Haro J.M., Hassanvand M.S., Havmoeller R., Hay R.J., Hay S.I., Hendrie D., Heredia-Pi I.B., Hoek H.W., Horino M., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Htet A.S., Hu G., Huang H., Huang J.J., Huntley B.M., Huynh C., Iburg K.M., Ileanu B.V., Innos K., Irenso A.A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M.B., James P., James S.L., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S.P., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha V., John D., Johnson C., Johnson S.C., Jonas J.B., Juel K., Kabir Z., Kalkonde Y., Kamal R., Kan H., Karch A., Karema C.K., Karimi S.M., Kasaeian A., Kassebaum N.J., Kastor A., Katikireddi S.V., Kazanjan K., Keiyoro P.N., Kemmer L., Kemp A.H., Kengne A.P., Kerbo A.A., Kereselidze M., Kesavachandran C.N., Khader Y.S., Khalil I., Khan A.R., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khang Y.-H., Khoja A.T.A., Khonelidze I., Khubchandani J., Kibret G.D., Kim D., Kim P., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kissoon N., Kivipelto M., Kokubo Y., Kolk A., Kolte D., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M., Krishnaswami S., Krohn K.J., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kuipers E.J., Kulkarni V.S., Kumar G.A., Kumsa F.A., Kutz M., Kyu H.H., Lager A.C.J., Lal A., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Lallukka T., Lan Q., Langan S.M., Lansingh V.C., Larson H.J., Larsson A., Laryea D.O., Latif A.A., Lawrynowicz A.E.B., Leasher J.L., Leigh J., Leinsalu M., Leshargie C.T., Leung J., Leung R., Levi M., Liang X., Lim S.S., Lind M., Linn S., Lipshultz S.E., Liu P., Liu Y., Lo L.-T., Logroscino G., Lopez A.D., Lorch S.A., Lotufo P.A., Lozano R., Lunevicius R., Lyons R.A., Macarayan E.R.K., Mackay M.T., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahdavi M., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mantovani L.G., Manyazewal T., Mapoma C.C., Marcenes W., Marks G.B., Marquez N., Martinez-Raga J., Marzan M.B., Massano J., Mathur M.R., Maulik P.K., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., McGrath J.J., McNellan C., Meaney P.A., Mehari A., Mehndiratta M.M., Meier T., Mekonnen A.B., Meles K.G., Memish Z.A., Mengesha M.M., Mengiste D.T., Mengistie M.A., Menota B.G., Mensah G.A., Mereta S.T., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mezgebe H.B., Micha R., Millear A., Mills E.J., Minnig S., Mirarefin M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mock C.N., Mohammad K.A., Mohammed S., Mohanty S.K., Mokdad A.H., Mola G.L.D., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Montico M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morawska L., Mori R., Moses M., Mueller U.O., Murthy S., Musa K.I., Nachega J.B., Nagata C., Nagel G., Naghavi M., Naheed A., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nascimento B.R., Negoi I., Neupane S.P., Newton C.R., Ng M., Ngalesoni F.N., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen G., Ningrum D.N.A., Nolte S., Nomura M., Norheim O.F., Norrving B., Noubiap J.J.N., Obermeyer C.M., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Okoro A., Oladimeji O., Olagunju A.T., Olivares P.R., Olsen H.E., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Opio J.N., Oren E., Ortiz A., Osborne R.H., Osman M., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P.A., Pain A.W., Pakhale S., Palomares Castillo E., Pana A., Papachristou C., Parsaeian M., Patel T., Patton G.C., Paudel D., Paul V.K., Pearce N., Pereira D.M., Perez-Padilla R., Perez-Ruiz F., Perico N., Pesudovs K., Petzold M., Phillips M.R., Pigott D.M., Pillay J.D., Pinho C., Polinder S., Pond C.D., Prakash V., Purwar M., Qorbani M., Quistberg D.A., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rahimi K., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M.H.U., Rai R.K., Ram U., Rana S.M., Rankin Z., Rao P.V., Rao P.C., Rawaf S., Rego M.A.S., Reitsma M., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A.M.N.N., Resnikoff S., Rezaei S., Rezai M.S., Ribeiro A.L., Roba H.S., Rokni M.B., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Roth G.A., Rothenbacher D., Roy N.K., Sachdev P.S., Sackey B.B., Saeedi M.Y., Safiri S., Sagar R., Sahraian M.A., Saleh M.M., Salomon J.A., Samy A.M., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Niño M.D., Sandar L., Santos I.S., Santos J.V., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sartorius B., Satpathy M., Savic M., Sawhney M., Saylan M.I., Schöttker B., Schutte A.E., Schwebel D.C., Seedat S., Seid A.M., Seifu C.N., Sepanlou S.G., Serdar B., Servan-Mori E.E., Setegn T., Shackelford K.A., Shaheen A., Shahraz S., Shaikh M.A., Shakh-Nazarova M., Shamsipour M., Shariful Islam S.M., Sharma J., Sharma R., She J., Sheikhbahaei S., Shen J., Shi P., Shigematsu M., Shin M.-J., Shiri R., Shoman H., Shrime M.G., Sibamo E.L.S., Sigfusdottir I.D., Silva D.A.S., Silveira D.G.A., Sindi S., Singh A., Singh J.A., Singh O.P., Singh P.K., Singh V., Sinke A.H., Sinshaw A.E., Skirbekk V., Sliwa K., Smith A., Sobngwi E., Soneji S., Soriano J.B., Sousa T.C.M., Sposato L.A., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stathopoulou V., Steel N., Steiner C., Steinke S., Stokes M.A., Stranges S., Strong M., Stroumpoulis K., Sturua L., Sufiyan M.B., Suliankatchi R.A., Sun J., Sur P., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Tabarés-Seisdedos R., Tabb K.M., Taffere G.R., Talongwa R.T., Tarajia M., Tavakkoli M., Taveira N., Teeple S., Tegegne T.K., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekelab T., Tekle D.Y., Temam Shifa G., Terkawi A.S., Tesema A.G., Thakur J.S., Thomson A.J., Tillmann T., Tiruye T.Y., Tobe-Gai R., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Tortajada M., Troeger C., Truelsen T., Tura A.K., Uchendu U.S., Ukwaja K.N., Undurraga E.A., Uneke C.J., Uthman O.A., Van Boven J.F.M., Van Dingenen R., Varughese S., Vasankari T., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vladimirov S.K., Vlassov V.V., Vollset S.E., Vos T., Wagner J.A., Wakayo T., Waller S.G., Walson J.L., Wang H., Wang Y.-P., Watkins D.A., Weiderpass E., Weintraub R.G., Wen C.-P., Werdecker A., Wesana J., Westerman R., Whiteford H.A., Wilkinson J.D., Wiysonge C.S., Woldeyes B.G., Wolfe C.D.A., Won S., Workicho A., Workie S.B., Wubshet M., Xavier D., Xu G., Yadav A.K., Yaghoubi M., Yakob B., Yan L.L., Yano Y., Yaseri M., Yimam H.H., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Younis M.Z., Yu C., Zaidi Z., El Sayed Zaki M., Zambrana-Torrelio C., Zapata T., Zenebe Z.M., Zodpey S., Zoeckler L., Zuhlke L.J., Murray C.J.L., GBD 2015 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators (2017)Background National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). ... -
SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and its clinical implications: An integrative overview of the pharmacotherapeutic management of COVID-19
Tsatsakis A., Calina D., Falzone L., Petrakis D., Mitrut R., Siokas V., Pennisi M., Lanza G., Libra M., Doukas S.G., Doukas P.G., Kavali L., Bukhari A., Gadiparthi C., Vageli D.P., Kofteridis D.P., Spandidos D.A., Paoliello M.M.B., Aschner M., Docea A.O. (2020)Common manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory and can extend from mild symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress. The severity of the illness can also extend from mild disease to life-threatening acute respiratory ...