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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

dc.creatorStanaway J.D., Afshin A., Gakidou E., Lim S.S., Abate D., Abate K.H., Abbafati C., Abbasi N., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdela J., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R.S., Abebe M., Abebe Z., Abera S.F., Abil O.Z., Abraha H.N., Abrham A.R., Abu-Raddad L.J., Abu-Rmeileh N.M.E., Accrombessi M.M.K., Acharya D., Acharya P., Adamu A.A., Adane A.A., Adebayo O.M., Adedoyin R.A., Adekanmbi V., Ademi Z., Adetokunboh O.O., Adib M.G., Admasie A., Adsuar J.C., Afanvi K.A., Afarideh M., Agarwal G., Aggarwal A., Aghayan S.A., Agrawal A., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi M., Ahmadieh H., Ahmed M.B., Aichour A.N., Aichour I., Aichour M.T.E., Akbari M.E., Akinyemiju T., Akseer N., Al-Aly Z., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Alahdab F., Alam K., Alam S., Alam T., Alashi A., Alavian S.M., Alene K.A., Ali K., Ali S.M., Alijanzadeh M., Alizadeh-Navaei R., Aljunid S.M., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Alsharif U., Altirkawi K., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Ammar W., Anber N.H., Anderson J.A., Andrei C.L., Androudi S., Animut M.D., Anjomshoa M., Ansha M.G., Antó J.M., Antonio C.A.T., Anwari P., Appiah L.T., Appiah S.C.Y., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Ärnlöv J., Artaman A., Aryal K.K., Asayesh H., Ataro Z., Ausloos M., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Quintanilla B.P.A., Ayer R., Ayuk T.B., Azzopardi P.S., Babazadeh A., Badali H., Badawi A., Balakrishnan K., Bali A.G., Ball K., Ballew S.H., Banach M., Banoub J.A.M., Barac A., Barker-Collo S.L., Bärnighausen T.W., Barrero L.H., Basu S., Baune B.T., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Bedi N., Beghi E., Behzadifar M., Behzadifar M., Béjot Y., Bekele B.B., Bekru E.T., Belay E., Belay Y.A., Bell M.L., Bello A.K., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Bergeron G., Berhane A., Bernabe E., Bernstein R.S., Beuran M., Beyranvand T., Bhala N., Bhalla A., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Bilano V., Bililign N., Sayeed M.S.B., Bisanzio D., Biswas T., Bjorge T., Blacker B.F., Bleyer A., Borschmann R., Bou-Orm I.R., Boufous S., Bourne R., Brady O.J., Brauer M., Brazinova A., Breitborde N.J.K., Brenner H., Briko A.N., Britton G., Brugha T., Buchbinder R., Burnett R.T., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Cahill L.E., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Campos-Nonato I.R., Cárdenas R., Carreras G., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Rivas J.C., Castro F., Catalá-López F., Causey K., Cercy K.M., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chang H.-Y., Chang J.-C., Chang K.-L., Charlson F.J., Chattopadhyay A., Chattu V.K., Chee M.L., Cheng C.-Y., Chew A., Chiang P.P.-C., Chimed-Ochir O., Chin K.L., Chitheer A., Choi J.-Y.J., Chowdhury R., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Chung S.-C., Cicuttini F.M., Cirillo M., Cohen A.J., Collado-Mateo D., Cooper C., Cooper O.R., Coresh J., Cornaby L., Cortesi P.A., Cortinovis M., Costa M., Cousin E., Criqui M.H., Cromwell E.A., Cundiff D.K., Daba A.K., Dachew B.A., Dadi A.F., Damasceno A.A.M., Dandona L., Dandona R., Darby S.C., Dargan P.I., Daryani A., Gupta R.D., Neves J.D., Dasa T.T., Dash A.P., Davitoiu D.V., Davletov K., De La Cruz-Góngora V., La Hoz F.P.D., Leo D.D., Neve J.-W.D., Degenhardt L., Deiparine S., Dellavalle R.P., Demoz G.T., Denova-Gutiérrez E., Deribe K., Dervenis N., Deshpande A., Jarlais D.C.D., Dessie G.A., Deveber G.A., Dey S., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhimal M., Dinberu M.T., Ding E.L., Diro H.D., Djalalinia S., Do H.P., Dokova K., Doku D.T., Doyle K.E., Driscoll T.R., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E.E., Duncan B.B., Duraes A.R., Ebert N., Ebrahimi H., Ebrahimpour S., Edvardsson D., Effiong A., Eggen A.E., Bcheraoui C.E., El-Khatib Z., Elyazar I.R., Enayati A., Endries A.Y., Er B., Erskine H.E., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Estep K., Fakhim H., Faramarzi M., Fareed M., Farid T.A., Farinha C.S.E., Farioli A., Faro A., Farvid M.S., Farzaei M.H., Fatima B., Fay K.A., Fazaeli A.A., Feigin V.L., Feigl A.B., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Fernandes J.C., Ferrara G., Ferrari A.J., Ferreira M.L., Filip I., Finger J.D., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Foreman K.J., Fukumoto T., Fullman N., Fürst T., Furtado J.M., Futran N.D., Gall S., Gallus S., Gamkrelidze A., Ganji M., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Gardner W.M., Gebre A.K., Gebremedhin A.T., Gebremichael T.G., Gelano T.F., Geleijnse J.M., Geramo Y.C.D., Gething P.W., Gezae K.E., Ghadimi R., Ghadiri K., Falavarjani K.G., Ghasemi-Kasman M., Ghimire M., Ghosh R., Ghoshal A.G., Giampaoli S., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Gillum R.F., Ginawi I.A., Giussani G., Gnedovskaya E.V., Godwin W.W., Goli S., Gómez-Dantés H., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Goulart A.C., Grada A., Grams M.E., Grosso G., Gugnani H.C., Guo Y., Gupta R., Gupta R., Gupta T., Gutiérrez R.A., Gutiérrez-Torres D.S., Haagsma J.A., Habtewold T.D., Hachinski V., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hagos T.B., Hailegiyorgis T.T., Hailu G.B., Haj-Mirzaian A., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harb H.L., Harikrishnan S., Haro J.M., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Havmoeller R., Hawley C.N., Hay S.I., Hedayatizadeh-Omran A., Heibati B., Heidari B., Heidari M., Hendrie D., Henok A., Heredia-Pi I., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Heydarpour S., Hibstu D.T., Higazi T.B., Hilawe E.H., Hoek H.W., Hoffman H.J., Hole M.K., Rad E.H., Hoogar P., Hosgood H.D., Hosseini S.M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Hoy D.G., Hsairi M., Hsiao T., Hu G., Hu H., Huang J.J., Hussen M.A., Huynh C.K., Iburg K.M., Ikeda N., Ilesanmi O.S., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Irvine C.M.S., Islam S.M.S., Islami F., Jackson M.D., Jacobsen K.H., Jahangiry L., Jahanmehr N., Jain S.K., Jakovljevic M., James S.L., Jassal S.K., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha R.P., Jha V., Ji J.S., Jonas J.B., Jonnagaddala J., Shushtari Z.J., Joshi A., Jozwiak J.J., Jürisson M., Kabir Z., Kahsay A., Kalani R., Kanchan T., Kant S., Kar C., Karami M., Matin B.K., Karch A., Karema C., Karimi N., Karimi S.M., Kasaeian A., Kassa D.H., Kassa G.M., Kassa T.D., Kassebaum N.J., Katikireddi S.V., Kaul A., Kawakami N., Kazemi Z., Karyani A.K., Kefale A.T., Keiyoro P.N., Kemp G.R., Kengne A.P., Keren A., Kesavachandran C.N., Khader Y.S., Khafaei B., Khafaie M.A., Khajavi A., Khalid N., Khalil I.A., Khan G., Khan M.S., Khan M.A., Khang Y.-H., Khater M.M., Khazaei M., Khazaie H., Khoja A.T., Khosravi A., Khosravi M.H., Kiadaliri A.A., Kiirithio D.N., Kim C.-I., Kim D., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kivimäki M., Knibbs L.D., Knudsen A.K.S., Kochhar S., Kokubo Y., Kolola T., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M.A., Krishan K., Krohn K.J., Kromhout H., Defo B.K., Bicer B.K., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kuzin I., Kyu H.H., Lachat C., Lad D.P., Lad S.D., Lafranconi A., Lalloo R., Lallukka T., Lami F.H., Lang J.J., Lansingh V.C., Larson S.L., Latifi A., Lazarus J.V., Lee P.H., Leigh J., Leili M., Leshargie C.T., Leung J., Levi M., Lewycka S., Li S., Li Y., Liang J., Liang X., Liao Y., Liben M.L., Lim L.-L., Linn S., Liu S., Lodha R., Logroscino G., Lopez A.D., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lozano R., Lucas T.C.D., Lunevicius R., Ma S., Macarayan E.R.K., Machado Í.E., Madotto F., Mai H.T., Majdan M., Majdzadeh R., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Manda A.-L., Manguerra H., Mansournia M.A., Mantovani L.G., Maravilla J.C., Marcenes W., Marks A., Martin R.V., Martins S.C.O., Martins-Melo F.R., März W., Marzan M.B., Massenburg B.B., Mathur M.R., Mathur P., Matsushita K., Maulik P.K., Mazidi M., Mcalinden C., Mcgrath J.J., Mckee M., Mehrotra R., Mehta K.M., Mehta V., Meier T., Mekonnen F.A., Melaku Y.A., Melese A., Melku M., Memiah P.T.N., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mengistu D.T., Mensah G.A., Mensink G.B.M., Mereta S.T., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Mezgebe H.B., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Millear A.I., Miller T.R., Miller-Petrie M.K., Mini G.K., Mirarefin M., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Misganaw A.T., Mitiku H., Moazen B., Mohajer B., Mohammad K.A., Mohammadi M., Mohammadifard N., Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Molokhia M., Momeniha F., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradinazar M., Moraga P., Morawska L., Morgado-Da-costa J., Morrison S.D., Moschos M.M., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Mozaffarian D., Mruts K.B., Muche A.A., Muchie K.F., Mueller U.O., Muhammed O.S., Mukhopadhyay S., Muller K., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Nabhan A.F., Naghavi M., Naheed A., Nahvijou A., Naik G., Naik N., Najafi F., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nascimento B.R., Neal B., Neamati N., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Neupane S., Newton C.R.J., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen A.Q., Nguyen G., Nguyen H.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen H.T., Nguyen M., Nguyen N.B., Nichols E., Nie J., Ningrum D.N.A., Nirayo Y.L., Nishi N., Nixon M.R., Nojomi M., Nomura S., Norheim O.F., Noroozi M., Norrving B., Noubiap J.J., Nouri H.R., Shiadeh M.N., Nowroozi M.R., Nsoesie E.O., Nyasulu P.S., Obermeyer C.M., Odell C.M., Ofori-Asenso R., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Oladimeji O., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olivares P.R., Olsen H.E., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ong K.L., Ong S.K., Oren E., Orpana H.M., Ortiz A., Ota E., Otstavnov S.S., Overland S., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P., Pacella R., Pakhare A.P., Pakpour A.H., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Park E.-K., Parry C.D.H., Parsian H., Patel S., Pati S., Patil S.T., Patle A., Patton G.C., Paudel D., Paulson K.R., Ballesteros W.C.P., Pearce N., Pereira A., Pereira D.M., Perico N., Pesudovs K., Petzold M., Pham H.Q., Phillips M.R., Pillay J.D., Piradov M.A., Pirsaheb M., Pischon T., Pishgar F., Plana-Ripoll O., Plass D., Polinder S., Polkinghorne K.R., Postma M.J., Poulton R., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Prabhakaran D., Prakash S., Prasad N., Purcell C.A., Purwar M.B., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi Z., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rai R.K., Rajati F., Rajsic S., Raju S.B., Ram U., Ranabhat C.L., Ranjan P., Rath G.K., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Reddy K.S., Rehm C.D., Rehm J., Reiner R.C., Reitsma M.B., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A.M.N., Resnikoff S., Reynales-Shigematsu L.M., Rezaei S., Ribeiro A.L.P., Rivera J.A., Roba K.T., Rodríguez-Ramírez S., Roever L., Román Y., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Roth G.A., Rothenbacher D., Roy A., Rubagotti E., Rushton L., Sabanayagam C., Sachdev P.S., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Moghaddam S.S., Safari H., Safari Y., Safari-Faramani R., Safdarian M., Safi S., Safiri S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi H.S., Salam N., Salamati P., Saleem Z., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Salomon J.A., Salvi D.D., Salz I., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Sanchez-Nino M.D., Sánchez-Pimienta T.G., Sanders T., Sang Y., Santomauro D.F., Santos I.S., Santos J.V., Milicevic M.M.S., Jose B.P.S., Sardana M., Sarker A.R., Sarmiento-Suárez R., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sarvi S., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Sawant A.R., Sawhney M., Saylan M., Sayyah M., Schaeffner E., Schmidt M.I., Schneider I.J.C., Schöttker B., Schutte A.E., Schwebel D.C., Schwendicke F., Scott J.G., Seedat S., Sekerija M., Sepanlou S.G., Serre M.L., Serván-Mori E., Seyedmousavi S., Shabaninejad H., Shaddick G., Shafieesabet A., Shahbazi M., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Levy T.S., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M., Sharafi H., Sharafi K., Sharif M., Sharif-Alhoseini M., Sharifi H., Sharma J., Sharma M., Sharma R., She J., Sheikh A., Shi P., Shibuya K., Shiferaw M.S., Shigematsu M., Shin M.-J., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shiue I., Shokraneh F., Shoman H., Shrime M.G., Shupler M.S., Si S., Siabani S., Sibai A.M., Siddiqi T.J., Sigfusdottir I.D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Silva J.P., Silveira D.G.A., Singh J.A., Singh N.P., Singh V., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Skirbekk V., Smith D.L., Smith M., Sobaih B.H., Sobhani S., Somayaji R., Soofi M., Sorensen R.J.D., Soriano J.B., Soyiri I.N., Spinelli A., Sposato L.A., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Starodubov V.I., Steckling N., Stein D.J., Stein M.B., Stevanovic G., Stockfelt L., Stokes M.A., Sturua L., Subart M.L., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Sulo G., Sunguya B.F., Sur P.J., Sykes B.L., Szoeke C.E.I., Tabarés-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadakamadla S.K., Takahashi K., Tandon N., Tassew S.G., Tavakkoli M., Taveira N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalign T.G., Tekelemedhin S.W., Tekle M.G., Temesgen H., Temsah M.-H., Temsah O., Terkawi A.S., Tessema B., Teweldemedhin M., Thankappan K.R., Theis A., Thirunavukkarasu S., Thomas H.J., Thomas M.L., Thomas N., Thurston G.D., Tilahun B., Tillmann T., To Q.G., Tobollik M., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Torre A.E., Tortajada-Girbés M., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Towbin J.A., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Truelsen T.C., Truong N.T., Tsadik A.G., Car L.T., Tuzcu E.M., Tymeson H.D., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., Ullah I., Updike R.L., Usman M.S., Uthman O.A., Vaduganathan M., Vaezi A., Valdez P.R., Van Donkelaar A., Varavikova E., Varughese S., Vasankari T.J., Venkateswaran V., Venketasubramanian N., Villafaina S., Violante F.S., Vladimirov S.K., Vlassov V., Vollset S.E., Vos T., Vosoughi K., Vu G.T., Vujcic I.S., Wagnew F.S., Waheed Y., Waller S.G., Walson J.L., Wang Y., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Weiderpass E., Weintraub R.G., Weldegebreal F., Werdecker A., Werkneh A.A., West J.J., Westerman R., Whiteford H.A., Widecka J., Wijeratne T., Winkler A.S., Wiyeh A.B., Wiysonge C.S., Wolfe C.D.A., Wong T.Y., Wu S., Xavier D., Xu G., Yadgir S., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yan L.L., Yano Y., Yaseri M., Yasin Y.J., Yeshaneh A., Yimer E.M., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Yotebieng M., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zavala-Arciniega L., Zhang A.L., Zhang H., Zhang K., Zhou M., Zimsen S.R.M., Zodpey S., Murray C.J.L., GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaboratorsen
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-31T10:02:18Z
dc.date.available2023-01-31T10:02:18Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6
dc.identifier.issn01406736
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11615/79385
dc.description.abstractBackground The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.sourceThe Lanceten
dc.source.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056201749&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2818%2932225-6&partnerID=40&md5=4888c3dc4fe76520b5ef062187301130
dc.subjectdrinking wateren
dc.subjectglucoseen
dc.subjectAfrica south of the Saharaen
dc.subjectagingen
dc.subjectArticleen
dc.subjectbody massen
dc.subjectCaribbeanen
dc.subjectcomparative studyen
dc.subjectdisability-adjusted life yearen
dc.subjectenvironmental exposureen
dc.subjectEuropeen
dc.subjectfastingen
dc.subjectfemaleen
dc.subjectglucose blood levelen
dc.subjectgroups by ageen
dc.subjecthigh risk behavioren
dc.subjecthumanen
dc.subjectindoor air pollutionen
dc.subjectinternational cooperationen
dc.subjectmajor clinical studyen
dc.subjectmaleen
dc.subjectmetabolismen
dc.subjectMiddle Easten
dc.subjectmortality risken
dc.subjectNorth Africaen
dc.subjectoccupational hazarden
dc.subjectPacific islandsen
dc.subjectpopulation growthen
dc.subjectpriority journalen
dc.subjectrisk assessmenten
dc.subjectsex factoren
dc.subjectsmokingen
dc.subjectSouth and Central Americaen
dc.subjectSouth Asiaen
dc.subjectSoutheast Asiaen
dc.subjectsystolic hypertensionen
dc.subjecttrend studyen
dc.subjectunsafe sexen
dc.subjectadolescenten
dc.subjectadulten
dc.subjectage distributionen
dc.subjectageden
dc.subjectchilden
dc.subjectdisabled personen
dc.subjectenvironmental exposureen
dc.subjectglobal disease burdenen
dc.subjectglobal healthen
dc.subjectinfanten
dc.subjectlife expectancyen
dc.subjectmetabolic disorderen
dc.subjectmiddle ageden
dc.subjectnewbornen
dc.subjectoccupational diseaseen
dc.subjectoccupational exposureen
dc.subjectpreschool childen
dc.subjectquality adjusted life yearen
dc.subjectrisk assessmenten
dc.subjectsex ratioen
dc.subjectsocioeconomicsen
dc.subjectstatistics and numerical dataen
dc.subjecttrendsen
dc.subjectvery elderlyen
dc.subjectyoung adulten
dc.subjectAdolescenten
dc.subjectAdulten
dc.subjectAge Distributionen
dc.subjectAgeden
dc.subjectAged, 80 and overen
dc.subjectChilden
dc.subjectChild, Preschoolen
dc.subjectDisabled Personsen
dc.subjectEnvironmental Exposureen
dc.subjectFemaleen
dc.subjectGlobal Burden of Diseaseen
dc.subjectGlobal Healthen
dc.subjectHealth Risk Behaviorsen
dc.subjectHumansen
dc.subjectInfanten
dc.subjectInfant, Newbornen
dc.subjectLife Expectancyen
dc.subjectMaleen
dc.subjectMetabolic Diseasesen
dc.subjectMiddle Ageden
dc.subjectOccupational Diseasesen
dc.subjectOccupational Exposureen
dc.subjectQuality-Adjusted Life Yearsen
dc.subjectRisk Assessmenten
dc.subjectSex Distributionen
dc.subjectSocioeconomic Factorsen
dc.subjectYoung Adulten
dc.subjectLancet Publishing Groupen
dc.titleGlobal, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017en
dc.typejournalArticleen


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