dc.creator | Kotsiou O.S., Kotsios V.S., Lampropoulos I., Zidros T., Zarogiannis S.G., Gourgoulianis K.I. | en |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-01-31T08:44:52Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-01-31T08:44:52Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
dc.identifier | 10.3390/ijerph18105088 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 16617827 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11615/75223 | |
dc.description.abstract | Background: The coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) heavily hit Italy, one of Europe’s most polluted countries. The extent to which PM pollution contributed to COVID-19 diffusion is needing further clarification. We aimed to investigate the particular matter (PM) pollution and its correlation with COVID-19 incidence across four Italian cities: Milan, Rome, Naples, and Salerno, during the pre-lockdown and lockdown periods. Methods: We performed a comparative analysis followed by correlation and regression analyses of the daily average PM10, PM2.5 concentrations, and COVID-19 incidence across four cities from 1 January 2020 to 8 April 2020, adjusting for several factors, taking a two-week time lag into account. Results: Milan had significantly higher average daily PM10 and PM2.5 levels than Rome, Naples, and Salerno. Rome, Naples, and Salerno maintained safe PM10 levels. The daily PM2.5 levels exceeded the legislative standards in all cities during the entire period. PM2.5 pollution was related to COVID-19 incidence. The PM2.5 levels and sampling rate were strong predictors of COVID-19 incidence during the pre-lockdown period. The PM2.5 levels, population’s age, and density strongly predicted COVID-19 incidence during lockdown. Conclusions: Italy serves as a noteworthy paradigm illustrating that PM2.5 pollution impacts COVID-19 spread. Even in lockdown, PM2.5 levels negatively impacted COVID-19 incidence. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. | en |
dc.language.iso | en | en |
dc.source | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | en |
dc.source.uri | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105710449&doi=10.3390%2fijerph18105088&partnerID=40&md5=c3cd0dd5288f1858291d9fa6f340b45c | |
dc.subject | air temperature | en |
dc.subject | atmospheric pollution | en |
dc.subject | COVID-19 | en |
dc.subject | disease incidence | en |
dc.subject | humidity | en |
dc.subject | particulate matter | en |
dc.subject | urban area | en |
dc.subject | wind velocity | en |
dc.subject | adolescent | en |
dc.subject | adult | en |
dc.subject | aged | en |
dc.subject | air pollution | en |
dc.subject | Article | en |
dc.subject | child | en |
dc.subject | comparative study | en |
dc.subject | concentration (parameter) | en |
dc.subject | controlled study | en |
dc.subject | coronavirus disease 2019 | en |
dc.subject | correlation analysis | en |
dc.subject | density | en |
dc.subject | diffusion | en |
dc.subject | female | en |
dc.subject | groups by age | en |
dc.subject | health legislation | en |
dc.subject | human | en |
dc.subject | humidity | en |
dc.subject | incidence | en |
dc.subject | infant | en |
dc.subject | Italy | en |
dc.subject | lockdown | en |
dc.subject | major clinical study | en |
dc.subject | male | en |
dc.subject | newborn | en |
dc.subject | particulate matter 2.5 | en |
dc.subject | prediction | en |
dc.subject | regression analysis | en |
dc.subject | temperature | en |
dc.subject | time factor | en |
dc.subject | urban area | en |
dc.subject | wind speed | en |
dc.subject | air pollutant | en |
dc.subject | city | en |
dc.subject | communicable disease control | en |
dc.subject | environmental monitoring | en |
dc.subject | epidemiology | en |
dc.subject | incidence | en |
dc.subject | particulate matter | en |
dc.subject | Italy | en |
dc.subject | Coronavirus | en |
dc.subject | Air Pollutants | en |
dc.subject | Air Pollution | en |
dc.subject | Cities | en |
dc.subject | Communicable Disease Control | en |
dc.subject | COVID-19 | en |
dc.subject | Environmental Monitoring | en |
dc.subject | Humans | en |
dc.subject | Incidence | en |
dc.subject | Italy | en |
dc.subject | Particulate Matter | en |
dc.subject | Rome | en |
dc.subject | SARS-CoV-2 | en |
dc.subject | MDPI AG | en |
dc.title | Pm2.5 pollution strongly predicted covid-19 incidence in four high-polluted urbanized italian cities during the pre-lockdown and lockdown periods | en |
dc.type | journalArticle | en |