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Thermal disinfection of hotels, hospitals, and athletic venues hot water distribution systems contaminated by Legionella species

dc.creatorMouchtouri, V.en
dc.creatorVelonakis, E.en
dc.creatorHadjichristodoulou, C.en
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-23T10:39:55Z
dc.date.available2015-11-23T10:39:55Z
dc.date.issued2007
dc.identifier10.1016/j.ajic.2007.01.002
dc.identifier.issn0196-6553
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11615/31142
dc.description.abstractLegionella spp. ( >= 500 cfu liter(-1)) were detected in 92 of 497 water distribution systems (WDS) examined. Thermal disinfection was applied at 33 WDS. After the first and second application of the disinfection procedure, 15 (45.4%) and 3 (9%) positive for remedial actions WDS were found, respectively Legionella pneumophila was more resistant to thermal disinfection than Legionella non-pneumophila spp. (relative risk [RR] = 5.4, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1-35). WDS of hotels with oil heater were more easily disinfected than those with electrical or solar heater (RR = 0.4 95% CI = 0.2-0.8). Thermal disinfection seems not to be efficient enough to eliminate legionellae, unless repeatedly applied and in combination with extended heat flushing, and faucets chlorine disinfection.en
dc.sourceAmerican Journal of Infection Controlen
dc.source.uri<Go to ISI>://WOS:000250800200012
dc.subjectLEGIONNAIRES-DISEASEen
dc.subjectOLYMPIC-GAMESen
dc.subjectTEMPERATUREen
dc.subjectPNEUMOPHILAen
dc.subjectEXPERIENCEen
dc.subjectPROGRAMen
dc.subjectPublic, Environmental & Occupational Healthen
dc.subjectInfectious Diseasesen
dc.titleThermal disinfection of hotels, hospitals, and athletic venues hot water distribution systems contaminated by Legionella speciesen
dc.typejournalArticleen


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