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Spray irrigation with microcystins-rich water affects plant performance from the microscopic to the functional level and food safety of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
dc.creator | Tsoumalakou E., Papadimitriou T., Berillis P., Kormas K.A., Levizou E. | en |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-01-31T10:19:43Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-01-31T10:19:43Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
dc.identifier | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147948 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 00489697 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11615/80172 | |
dc.description.abstract | Irrigation water coming from freshwater bodies that suffer toxic cyanobacterial blooms causes adverse effects on crop productivity and quality and raises concerns regarding food contamination and human exposure to toxins. The common agricultural practice of spray irrigation is an important exposure route to cyanotoxins, yet its impact on crops has received little attention. In the present study we attempted an integrated approach at the macro- and microscopic level to investigate whether spray or drip irrigation with microcystins (MCs)-rich water differently affect spinach performance. Growth and functional features, structural characteristics of stomata, and toxin bioaccumulation were determined. Additionally, the impact of irrigation method and water type on the abundance of leaf-attached microorganisms was assessed. Drip irrigation with MCs-rich water had detrimental effects on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of spinach, while spray irrigation ameliorated to various extents the observed impairments. The stomatal characteristics were differently affected by the irrigation method. Drip-irrigated spinach leaves showed significantly lower stomatal density in the abaxial epidermis and smaller stomatal size in the adaxial side compared to spray-irrigation treatment. Nevertheless, the latter deteriorated traits related to fresh produce quality and safety for human consumption; both the abundance of leaf-attached microorganisms and the MCs bioaccumulation in edible tissues well exceeded the corresponding values of drip-irrigated spinach with MC-rich water. The results highlight the significance of both the use of MCs-contaminated water in vegetable production and the irrigation method in shaping plant responses as well as health risk due to human and livestock exposure to MCs. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. | en |
dc.language.iso | en | en |
dc.source | Science of the Total Environment | en |
dc.source.uri | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106647579&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2021.147948&partnerID=40&md5=b4a4f2c0c1a9880b582f355759a8c721 | |
dc.subject | Bioaccumulation | en |
dc.subject | Biochemistry | en |
dc.subject | Crops | en |
dc.subject | Health risks | en |
dc.subject | Irrigation | en |
dc.subject | Microorganisms | en |
dc.subject | Plants (botany) | en |
dc.subject | Water pollution | en |
dc.subject | Drip irrigation | en |
dc.subject | Food-safety | en |
dc.subject | Functional levels | en |
dc.subject | Irrigation methods | en |
dc.subject | Irrigation waters | en |
dc.subject | Microcystins | en |
dc.subject | Plant performance | en |
dc.subject | Spinacia oleracea | en |
dc.subject | Spray irrigation | en |
dc.subject | Stomatal characteristic | en |
dc.subject | Food safety | en |
dc.subject | microcystin | en |
dc.subject | microcystin | en |
dc.subject | water | en |
dc.subject | agricultural practice | en |
dc.subject | agricultural production | en |
dc.subject | bioaccumulation | en |
dc.subject | drip irrigation | en |
dc.subject | leafy vegetable | en |
dc.subject | spray | en |
dc.subject | stomatal conductance | en |
dc.subject | Article | en |
dc.subject | bioaccumulation | en |
dc.subject | concentration (parameter) | en |
dc.subject | controlled study | en |
dc.subject | enzyme linked immunosorbent assay | en |
dc.subject | estimated daily intake | en |
dc.subject | food safety | en |
dc.subject | irrigation (agriculture) | en |
dc.subject | livestock | en |
dc.subject | microscopy | en |
dc.subject | nonhuman | en |
dc.subject | plant growth | en |
dc.subject | plant leaf | en |
dc.subject | plant stoma | en |
dc.subject | plant water use | en |
dc.subject | population abundance | en |
dc.subject | room temperature | en |
dc.subject | scanning electron microscopy | en |
dc.subject | spinach | en |
dc.subject | spray irrigation | en |
dc.subject | vegetable | en |
dc.subject | water contamination | en |
dc.subject | chemistry | en |
dc.subject | food safety | en |
dc.subject | human | en |
dc.subject | irrigation (agriculture) | en |
dc.subject | Cyanobacteria | en |
dc.subject | Spinacia oleracea | en |
dc.subject | Agricultural Irrigation | en |
dc.subject | Food Safety | en |
dc.subject | Humans | en |
dc.subject | Microcystins | en |
dc.subject | Plant Leaves | en |
dc.subject | Spinacia oleracea | en |
dc.subject | Water | en |
dc.subject | Elsevier B.V. | en |
dc.title | Spray irrigation with microcystins-rich water affects plant performance from the microscopic to the functional level and food safety of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) | en |
dc.type | journalArticle | en |
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