Postoperative cognitive disorders: An update

Abstract

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is a common complication after surgery. It is a major cause for increased, sometimes long-term, morbidity and mortality. Methods: In this narrative review we performed a literature search regarding postoperative cognitive decline regarding risk factors, the type of surgical intervention, potential neuroprotective effects of anesthetic drugs, and associated quality of life and healthcare costs. Results: Several risk factors are implicated in postoperative cognitive impairment. Cardiac surgery and specific orthopedic interventions are associated with a higher incidence of postoperative cognitive disorders. Results regarding the neuroprotective effects of anesthetics agents are still controversial but promising. Postoperative cognitive alterations are a major public healthcare issue as they impair the everyday quality of life, and expand the yearlong expenses. Conclusions: Postoperative cognitive disorders are devastating, potentially life-threatening complications. High-sus-picion, especially in high-risk patients and operations, and adoption of available neuroprotective strategies may prove lifesaving. © 2018, Lithografia Antoniadis I - Psarras Th G.P.. All rights reserved.