Ultrasonographic examination of the scrotal contents in rams

Abstract

Objective of the present article is the presentation of the technique for ultrasonographic examination of the external genitalia of rams, with detailed examples in healthy animals or animals with various disorders of the genitalia. The article indicates in detail the methodology for B-mode ultrasonographic examination of the scrotum and the scrotal content (testes, epididymides, vessels). Further, it provides detailed ultrasonographic findings during the examination of healthy animals, as well as animals with various diseases of the genitalia. Finally, use of the technique within the frame of health management in flocks is discussed. It is concluded that ultrasonographic examination of scrotal content of rams can be a useful technique that may be used successfully and conveniently for diagnostic purposes of genitalia of rams, as it is an excellent ancillary test during evaluation of the reproductive ability of rams, having practical and diagnostic advantages, thus supporting veterinary work in sheep flocks. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.