Deficit irrigation and reflective mulch effects on peach and nectarine fruit quality and storage ability

Abstract

The effects of deficit irrigation and reflective mulch were studied as possible means to reduce irrigation water use and improve peach fruit quality and storage ability. 'Royal Glory' peach and 'Caldesi 2000' nectarine trees were drip irrigated close to ETc (control) or with 50% of ETc (deficit) during the last three weeks before anticipated harvest of tree-ripe fruit. Reflective Extenday® mulch was also applied on the tree row for almost a month before anticipated harvest at control or deficit irrigated trees. Fruit quality from the upper and lower parts of the tree was evaluated at harvest and after 2, 4 and 6 weeks at 2°C plus 1 day shelf life. Fruit quality included skin color, flesh firmness, specific conductivity and dry matter (DM), juice soluble solids content (SSC), acidity and total phenols (TP) and subjective evaluation of chilling injury (CI) symptoms (flesh leatheriness and browning). With storage time and in both cultivars, fruit skin only slightly changed, fruit flesh softened, specific conductivity, SSC, acidity and DM decreased and TP content and CI (mainly leatheriness) increased. With deficit irrigation or reflective mulch, the two cultivars behaved differently. Nectarines from deficit irrigated trees had improved quality but lower storage ability than fruit from control trees. Peaches from deficit irrigated trees had similar quality to control fruit except of higher SSC (mainly the fruit from the lower part of the canopy) and slightly higher CI. Nectarines from reflective mulched trees had better skin color, harder flesh, higher acidity and DM, similar SSC and TP and higher leatheriness incidence than fruit from control trees. Peaches from reflective mulched trees had the most advanced maturity fruit at harvest compared to the other treatments, and higher quality fruit but also lower storage ability than control fruit. In short, fruit quality of both cultivars studied was improved due to deficit irrigation or reflective mulching but their storage ability was reduced from these treatments.